How to Check Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is a measure of the force exerted by blood against the walls of your arteries. It is expressed in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) and is written as two numbers: the systolic pressure (the top number) and the diastolic pressure (the bottom number).
Systolic pressure is the pressure in your arteries when your heart beats. Diastolic pressure is the pressure in your arteries when your heart rests between beats.
Normal blood pressure is considered to be less than 120/80 mm Hg. High blood pressure, or hypertension, is defined as a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg or higher.
Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and other health problems. It is important to have your blood pressure checked regularly, especially if you are at risk for hypertension.
Risk factors for hypertension include:
- Age (over 65)
- Family history of hypertension
- Obesity
- Physical inactivity
- Smoking
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- High cholesterol
- Diabetes
If you have any of these risk factors, it is important to have your blood pressure checked at least once a year.
How to Check Blood Pressure
You can check your blood pressure at home using a blood pressure monitor. Blood pressure monitors are available at most pharmacies and medical supply stores.
To check your blood pressure at home, follow these steps:
- Sit in a comfortable chair with your feet flat on the floor and your back supported.
- Place the cuff of the blood pressure monitor around your upper arm, about 1 inch above your elbow.
- Close the cuff and press the start button.
- The blood pressure monitor will inflate the cuff and then slowly release the air.
- The blood pressure monitor will display your blood pressure reading.
Interpreting Your Blood Pressure Reading
Once you have your blood pressure reading, you need to interpret it. The following table shows the different categories of blood pressure:
| Blood Pressure Category | Systolic Pressure | Diastolic Pressure |
|---|---|---|
| Normal | Less than 120 | Less than 80 |
| Prehypertension | 120-129 | 80-89 |
| Stage 1 hypertension | 130-139 | 90-99 |
| Stage 2 hypertension | 140 or higher | 100 or higher |
If your blood pressure reading is in the prehypertension or hypertension range, you should talk to your doctor. Your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes, such as losing weight, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly. Your doctor may also prescribe medication to lower your blood pressure.
FAQ
Q: What is the best time to check my blood pressure?
A: The best time to check your blood pressure is in the morning, before you eat or drink anything.
Q: How often should I check my blood pressure?
A: If you have normal blood pressure, you should check it at least once a year. If you have prehypertension or hypertension, you should check it more often, as directed by your doctor.
Q: What if my blood pressure reading is high?
A: If your blood pressure reading is high, you should talk to your doctor. Your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes, such as losing weight, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly. Your doctor may also prescribe medication to lower your blood pressure.
Q: What are the symptoms of high blood pressure?
A: High blood pressure often does not cause any symptoms. However, some people may experience headaches, dizziness, shortness of breath, or chest pain.
Q: Can high blood pressure be prevented?
A: Yes, there are a number of things you can do to prevent high blood pressure, including:
- Eating a healthy diet
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Getting regular exercise
- Avoiding smoking
- Limiting alcohol intake
