How to Treat Kidney Stones
Kidney stones are hard deposits of minerals and salts that form in the kidneys. They can range in size from a grain of sand to a golf ball. Most kidney stones are small enough to pass through the urinary tract without causing any problems. However, larger stones can block the flow of urine, which can lead to pain, infection, and even kidney damage.
There are a number of different ways to treat kidney stones. The best treatment option for you will depend on the size, location, and composition of your stones.
Small kidney stones
Small kidney stones that are less than 5 millimeters in diameter can usually be passed through the urinary tract without any treatment. However, you may need to drink plenty of fluids to help flush the stones out. You can also try taking over-the-counter pain relievers to relieve any discomfort.
Larger kidney stones
Larger kidney stones that are more than 5 millimeters in diameter may need to be treated with medication or surgery.
- Medication: There are a number of different medications that can be used to dissolve kidney stones. These medications work by breaking down the stones into smaller pieces that can be passed through the urinary tract.
- Surgery: Surgery is usually only necessary for very large kidney stones or stones that are blocking the flow of urine. Surgery can be performed to remove the stones or to widen the urinary tract so that the stones can pass more easily.
Preventing kidney stones
There are a number of things you can do to help prevent kidney stones from forming.
- Drink plenty of fluids: Drinking plenty of fluids, especially water, can help to flush out the kidneys and prevent stones from forming.
- Eat a healthy diet: Eating a healthy diet that is low in sodium, oxalate, and phosphorus can help to reduce your risk of developing kidney stones.
- Get regular exercise: Regular exercise can help to keep your kidneys healthy and reduce your risk of developing kidney stones.
- Avoid smoking: Smoking can increase your risk of developing kidney stones.
- Limit your intake of alcohol: Alcohol can dehydrate you and increase your risk of developing kidney stones.
FAQ
What are the symptoms of kidney stones?
The most common symptom of kidney stones is pain. The pain can be located in the lower back, side, or abdomen. It can be sharp or dull, and it may come and go. Other symptoms of kidney stones can include:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Fever
- Chills
- Painful urination
- Frequent urination
- Cloudy or bloody urine
What causes kidney stones?
Kidney stones can be caused by a number of factors, including:
- Dehydration
- High levels of calcium, oxalate, or phosphorus in the urine
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- Family history of kidney stones
How are kidney stones diagnosed?
Kidney stones can be diagnosed with a physical exam, blood test, and urine test. Your doctor may also order an X-ray or CT scan to confirm the diagnosis.
How are kidney stones treated?
The treatment for kidney stones depends on the size, location, and composition of the stones. Small kidney stones may be able to be passed through the urinary tract without any treatment. Larger kidney stones may need to be treated with medication or surgery.
How can I prevent kidney stones?
There are a number of things you can do to help prevent kidney stones from forming, including:
- Drink plenty of fluids
- Eat a healthy diet
- Get regular exercise
- Avoid smoking
- Limit your intake of alcohol
