How to Use a Semicolon in Standard American English
A semicolon (;) is a punctuation mark that indicates a pause in a sentence that is more than a comma but less than a period. It is used to connect two independent clauses or to separate items in a list when commas would create confusion.
Uses of a Semicolon
1. To connect two independent clauses
An independent clause is a group of words that can stand alone as a complete sentence. A semicolon can be used to connect two independent clauses that are closely related in thought.
Example: The sun was shining; the birds were singing.
In this example, the two independent clauses are "The sun was shining" and "the birds were singing." The semicolon indicates that the two clauses are closely related in thought, but they could also stand alone as separate sentences.
2. To separate items in a list when commas would create confusion
A semicolon can be used to separate items in a list when commas would create confusion. This is often the case when the items in the list contain commas themselves.
Example: The following items are required for the project: a hammer, a saw; a drill, a screwdriver; and a level.
In this example, the semicolons are used to separate the items in the list because the items themselves contain commas. If commas were used, it would be difficult to tell where one item ended and the next began.
Rules for Using a Semicolon
- Do not use a semicolon to connect a dependent clause to an independent clause.
Incorrect: The dog barked; because he was hungry.
Correct: The dog barked because he was hungry.
- Do not use a semicolon to separate two items in a list that are not closely related in thought.
Incorrect: I went to the store; to buy milk.
Correct: I went to the store for milk.
FAQs about Semicolons
1. What is the difference between a semicolon and a colon?
A semicolon is used to connect two independent clauses or to separate items in a list. A colon is used to introduce a list, a quotation, or an explanation.
2. Can I use a semicolon to start a sentence?
No, a semicolon cannot be used to start a sentence.
3. Can I use a semicolon to end a sentence?
Yes, a semicolon can be used to end a sentence if the sentence is a series of short, independent clauses.
Example: The sun is shining; the birds are singing; the flowers are blooming.
4. What is a semicolon used for in formal writing?
A semicolon is often used in formal writing to connect two independent clauses that are closely related in thought. It can also be used to separate items in a list when commas would create confusion.
Conclusion
The semicolon is a versatile punctuation mark that can be used to add clarity and precision to your writing. By following the rules for using a semicolon, you can ensure that your writing is clear and easy to understand.
